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DENVER HISTORY
Denver, the capital of Colorado, was established by a party of prospectors on November 22, 1858, after a gold discovery at the confluence of Cherry Creek and the South Platte River. Town founders named the dusty crossroads for James W. Denver, Governor of Kansas Territory, of which eastern Colorado was then a part.
Other gold discoveries sparked a mass migration of some 100,000 in 1859-60, leading the federal government to establish Colorado Territory in 1861.
Before the great Colorado gold rush, the Rocky Mountains offered little to attract settlers,
except "hairy bank notes," the beaver pelts prized by fur trappers, traders and fashionably
hatted gentlemen in Eastern America and Europe. The gold rush changed that, as the rudely
dispossessed Cheyenne and Arapaho soon discovered.
The Mile High City抯 aggressive leadership, spearheaded by William N. Byers, founding
editor of the Rocky Mountain News, and Territorial Governor John Evans, insisted that the
Indians must go. After dispossessing the natives, Denverites built a network of railroads
that made their town the banking, minting, supply and processing center not only for
Colorado, but for neighboring states. Between 1870 when the first railroads arrived and
1890, Denver grew from 4,759 to 106,713. In a single generation, it became the second most
populous city in the West, second only to San Francisco.
Although founded as the main supply town for Rocky Mountain mining camps, Denver also
emerged as a hub for high plains agriculture. Denver抯 breweries, bakeries, meat packing
and other food-processing plants made it the regional agricultural center, as well as a
manufacturing hub for farm and ranch equipment, barbed wire, windmills, seed, feed and
harnesses.
The depression of 1893 and repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act abruptly ended
Denver抯 first boom. Civic leaders began promoting economic diversity梘rowing wheat and
sugar beets, manufacturing, tourism and service industries. The Denver Livestock Exchange
and National Western Stock Show confirmed the city抯 role as the "cow town" of the Rockies.
Denver began growing again after 1900, but at a slower rate. Stockyards, brickyards,
canneries, flour mills, leather and rubber goods nourished the city. Of many Denver-area
breweries, only Coors has survived, becoming the nation抯 third largest sudsmaker.
Regional or national headquarters of many oil and gas firms in the Mile High City fueled
much of Denver抯 post-World War II growth and an eruption of 40- and 50-story high-rise
buildings downtown, during the 1970s. Denver抯 economic base has come to include skiing
and tourism, electronics, computers, aviation and the nation抯 largest telecommunications
center. As the regional center of a vast mountain and plain hinterland, Denver boasts more
federal employees than any city besides Washington, D. C. Since the 1940s, the large
federal center, augmented by state and local government jobs, has somewhat stabilized the
city抯 boom-and-bust cycle.
Sited on high plains at the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains, Denver has a sunny, cool,
dry climate, averaging 13 inches of precipitation a year. The sun shines 300 days a year,
and the usually benign climate and nearby Rocky Mountain playground have made tourism one
of the Mile High City抯 economic mainstays. Warm chinook winds warm the winters between
snowstorms.
Visually, Denver is notable for it predominance of single-family housing and its brick
buildings. Good brick clay underlies much of the area, while local lumber is soft, scarce
and inferior. Even in the poorest residential neighborhoods, single-family, detached
housing prevails, reflecting the Western interest in "elbow room" and a spacious,
relatively flat, high plains site, where sprawling growth is unimpeded by any large body of
water or geographic obstacle.
Denver抯 1970s energy boom spurred a proliferation of suburban subdivisions, shopping malls
and a second office core in the suburban Denver Tech Center. Denver抯 traditional
dependence on non-renewable natural resources returned to haunt the city during the 1980s
oil bust. When the price of crude oil dropped from $39 to $9 a barrel, Denver sank into a
depression, losing population and experiencing the highest office vacancy rate in the
nation.
Not able institutions include the Denver Museum of Natural History, the Denver Public
Library, the Colorado History Museum, the Denver Art Museum and the Denver Center for the
Performing Arts, as well as the U. S. Mint and major league baseball, basketball, football,
hockey and soccer teams. Gun violence and crime, as well as smog, and traffic congestion
are among the principal problems.
As one of the most isolated major cities in the United States, Denver always has been
obsessed with transportation systems. Fear of being bypassed began early when railroads and
later, airlines, originally avoided Denver because of the 14,000-foot-high Rocky Mountain
barrier just west of town. To secure Denver抯 place on national transportation maps, the
city opened a new $5 billion airport in 1995. The 55-square-mile Denver International
Airport is the nation抯 largest in terms of area and capacity for growth, prompting
boosters to call it the world抯 largest.
Denver is a sprawling city in a state of long distances and mountainous obstacles. To
tackle long distances and tough terrain, Coloradans have become auto-dependent. Denver has
one of the highest per-capita motor vehicle ownership rates in the country梬ith an average
of one licensed vehicle for every man, woman and child. In the 1990s, Denver built an outer
ring of freeways that immediately became over-congested. Even after the Regional
Transportation District began building a light-rail system, highway congestion remained
the number-one complaint of many Denverites.
In 2000, the metro area reached a population of 2.1 million, three-fourths of whom live
in the suburban counties—Adams, Arapahoe, Boulder, Denver, Douglas and Jefferson.
Roughly 20 percent of the core city population is Spanish-surnamed, 13 percent
African-American, two percent Asian and one percent Native American. Denver has elected
Hispanic (Federico Pe , 1983-91) and African-American (Wellington Webb, 1991-2001) mayors
in recent years and has enjoyed relatively smooth race relations.
The Rocky Mountain metropolis boomed during the 1990s, as the eastern suburb of Aurora
became Colorado抯 third-largest city and the western suburb of Lakewood became the
fourth-largest. Even the core City and County of Denver gained population in the 1990s
for the first time since the 1970s, climbing once again beyond the 500,000 mark.
Thanks to landmark districts preserving venerable business and residential areas,
as well as the 1990s opening in the core South Platte River Valley of Coors Baseball
Field, Elitch Gardens Amusement Park, Ocean Journey Aquarium, Pepsi Athletic Center and
many new housing projects, downtown Denver is booming as well as its suburban fringe,
at the dawn of the 21st century.
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 Angel Island, San Francisco, Chinese Immigration History - aiisf.org 09:12:47 01/20/03 (71)
Hartford's Chinese Community - Stephen Brown 13:02:07 12/24/02 (57)
El Paso's Chinatown - part II - Carry Beverly 11:27:52 12/24/02 (54)
El Paso's Chinatown - Carry Beverly 11:26:11 12/24/02 (53)
Chinatown Yellowpage - Add To
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